what is determiners|determiners in hindi

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what is determiners|determiners in hindi

 

A determiner is a word that is used before a noun to show how the noun is being used.

Determiner एक ऐसा शब्द है जो किसी Noun के पहले प्रयुक्त होकर यह दर्शाता है कि उक्त Noun का प्रयोग कैसे किया जा रहा है।

A determiner is a word that is used before a noun to show how great an effect the noun has.

 Determiner एक ऐसा शब्द है जो किसी Noun के पहले प्रयुक्त होकर यह दर्शाता है। कि उक्त Noun की व्यापकता (प्रभाव) कितनी है।

A determiner is a word that is used before a noun to limit its meaning.

Determiner एक ऐसा शब्द जो किसी Noun के पहले प्रयुक्त होकर उक्त Noun के अर्थ को सीमित करता है।

Important Determiners :

1. Articles : A, An and The

2. Possessive Adjectives : My, Your, Our, His, Her, Its, Their

3. Demonstrative Adjectives : This, That, These, Those

4. Distributive Adjectives: Each, Every, Either, Neither, Both

5. Interrogative Adjectives : What, Which, Whose

6. Adjectives of Quantity

(Quantifiers expressing Quantity): इन शब्दो से मात्रा का बोध होता है – All, Any, Enough, Little, Less, Much, More, Most, No, A good deal of, A great deal of, A large amount of, A lot of, Lots of, Plenty of, A piece of, A part of, A bottle / cup/glass / dish/plate of, A kilo/pound/ ton/quintal of, A litre/metre of, A spoonful of, A loaf of, A pint of, A slice of, Half of, Heaps of.

7. Adjectives of Number (Quantifiers expressing Number) : इन शब्दो से संख्या का बोध होता है-— All, Any, Both, Enough, Each, Every, Either, Neither,

Few, Fewer, Many, More, Most, Several, Many a/an, Some, No, One, Two,Three………. , First, Second, Third Double, Twice, Thrice One-third, two-thirds………., A lot of, Lots of, Plenty of, Half of, A heap of, A number of, A large number of.

what is determiners|determiners in hindi

 ऐसे Determiners जिनसे मात्रा (Quantity) या संख्या (Number) का बोध होता है, उन्हें Quantifiers (मात्रा/संख्या बताने वाला शब्द) कहा जाता है।

All, Any, Some, No, Enough, More, Most, A lot of, Plenty of इत्यादि से Quantity और Number दोनों का बोध होता है।

Important Functions/Characteristics of Determiners :

1. Determiners किसी Noun की मात्रा (Quantity) बताते हैं।

2. Determiners किसी Noun की संख्या (Number) बताते हैं।

3. Determiners किसी Noun की ओर निश्चित रूप से संकेत (Point out) करते हैं।

4. Determiners किसी Noun के क्षेत्र को सीमित (Limit/Restrict), या निर्धारित (Determine) करते हैं।

5. Determiners कौन-सा ? कितना ? – जैसे प्रश्नों के उत्तर देते हैं।

6. Determiners Noun/Noun Phrase के पहले प्रयुक्त है, Noun/Noun Phrase के बाद नहीं।

7. Determiner का प्रयोग Noun के आगमन (Arrival of Noun) की सूचन देता हैं।

8. Noun के बिना Determiner का प्रयोग नहीं होता है।

ध्यान दें: 

Noun Phrase : शब्दो का एक समूह (जैसे : Article + Adjective + Noun) है जो वाक्य में Subject, Object या Complement का कार्य करता हो Noun Phrase कहलाता है;

जैसे – the next train, the first bus, the hungry beggar इत्यादि |

अब निम्नलिखित Sentences को देखें और इनमें प्रयुक्त Determiners पर गौर करें-

Ram has a car.

I have an elephant.

The dog is a faithful animal.

This house is very beautiful.

Those children are naughty.

Every man has a nose.

Either road is safe.

Which village do you live in?

Whose shirt are you using?

ध्यान दें:

जब Sentence में This, That, These तथा Those के ठीक बाद Noun रहता है, तब यह (This, That, These तथा Those) Determiner कहलाता है।

जब Sentence This, That, These तथा Those के ठीक बाद Noun नहीं रहता है, तब यह (This, That, These तथा Those) Demonstrative Pronoun कहलाता है। निम्नलिखित Examples को समझकर अपना concept clear करें-

This cow is black. >> (This-Determiner)

This is a cow. >> (This-Demonstrative Pronoun)

Those apples are sweet. >> (Those_Determiner)

Those are apples. >> (Those-Demonstrative Pronoun)

>> This, That These तथा Those के अतिरिक्त कुछ और Determiners हैं जो Pronouns के रूप में भी प्रयुक्त होते हैं जैसे – Many, Several, Some, More, Most, All, Both, Half, One, Enough, Each, Either, Neither, What, Which, Whose etc.

निम्नलिखित Examples.को समझकर अपना Concept Clear को-

Many students are absent.

Many are absent.

Some candidates were dull.

Either of the mods is safe.

That is your name ?

What is your name?

What work will you like to do?

Whose is this ?

 ऊपर दिए गए Examples. से इसपष्ट होता है कि Determiners के अंतर्गत आनेवाले अधिकार शब्द बिना Nouns के प्रयुक्त हो सकते है या इनके बाद Of Construction (जैसे -Some of the boy are laborious) आ सकता है। दोनों स्थितियों मे ये Pronoun होंगे |

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Use of Some Determiners

1. Use of Some and Any

1. Some का अर्थ होता है ‘कुछ’ /इसका प्रयोग सामान्यतः Affirmative Sentences में होता है। Some का प्रयोग जब Countable Nouns को represent करने वाली वस्तुओं के साथ होता है तो इसका equivalent meaning (समतुल्य अर्थ) होता है “a few” या “asmall number” जो संख्या सूचक है ।

Some का प्रयोग जब Singular Uncountable Nouns को represent करने वाली वस्तुओं के साथ होता है तो इसका equivalent meaning होता है “a little” or “a small quantity” जो मात्रा सूचक है;

जैसे-

There are some pens on the table. >> संख्या सूचक

There is some milk in the pot. >> मात्रा सूचक

Some mangoes are very sweet. >> संख्या सूचक

Give me some butter. >> मात्रा सूचक

2. Any का अर्थ होता है ‘कोई’ | Any का प्रयोग जब Countable Noun के साथ होता है तो यह ‘some’ के समतुल्य अर्थ यानी “a small number” को व्यक्त करता है और जब इसका प्रयोग Uncountable Noun के साथ होता है तब यह “a small quantity” को व्यक्त करता है। परन्तु इस अर्थ में Any का प्रयोग Interrogative और Negative Sentences में किया जाता है;

जैसे-

Are there any pens on the table ? >> संख्या सूचक

Is there any milk in the pot? >> मात्रा सूचक

There aren’t any pens on the table ? >> संख्या सूचक

There isn’t any milk in the pot ? >> मात्रा सूचक

3. Some का प्रयोग Affirmative Sentences मेंSome का प्रयोग Affirmative Sentences में Pronoun के रूप में भी होता है। जैसे-

I want some sugar. Please give me some. >> (Pronoun)
He wants some mangoes. Please give him some. >> (Pronoun)

4. Any का प्रयोग some की तरह ही Interrogative और Negative Sentences में Pronoun के रूप में भी होता है;

जैसे-

There is no money in my pocket. Have you any ? >> (Pronoun)

Can you lend me some sugar. No, I haven’t any. >> (Pronoun)

5. Some का अर्थ about (लगभग) भी होता है;

जैसे-

I gave him some fifty rupees. (लगभग पचास रुपये)

6. Some और Any का प्रयोग Demonstrative Adjectives की तरह भी होता है;

जैसे-

Some person is knocking at the door. >> (Demonstrative Adjective)
Take any pen you like. >> (Demonstrative Adjective)

ध्यान दें : No के बाद Any का प्रयोग गलत है, क्योंकि No = Not + Any;

जैसे-

He did not write any letter = He wrote no letter.
No one helped me = Any one did not help me.

2. Use of Much and Many

1. Many का अर्थ होता है ‘बहुत/अनेक’ यानी ‘a great number’ इसका प्रयोग संख्या बतलाने के लिए Plural Countable Nouns के साथ होता है। अतः यह Numeral Adjective है;

जैसे-

How many boys were given prize ?

There are many students in my school.

I haven’t invited many people to my party.

Not many leaders were present in the meeting.

Many people were killed in the Tsumani waves.

ध्यान दें : ‘Many के बाद Plural Number का प्रयोग होता है, जबकि ‘Many a’/’Many an’ के बाद Singular Number का प्रयोग होता है,

जैसे-
Many boys were absent yesterday.

Many a boy has participated in the function,

Many an animal is dangerous,

2. Much का भी अर्थ होता है ‘बहुत’ यानी ‘a large quantity’ इसका प्रयोग मात्रा बतलाने के लिए Uncountable Nouns के साथ होता है। अतः यह Quantitative Adjective
(मात्रा सूचक) है;

जैसे

He drank much milk,

There is much water in the well.

There is not much truth in his statement.

How much milk can you drink at a time?

Not much money has been spent on her marriage.

ध्यान दें:

Much के बाद केवल Material और Abstract Noun का प्रयोग होता है।

 Much के बाद Noun हमेशा Singular Number में रहता है।

 Many के बाद केवल Common Noun और Collective Noun का प्रयोग होता है तथा

Many के बाद Noun हमेशा Plural Number में रहता है।

 

3. Use of Few, A few, Little, A little

1. Few का अर्थ होता है कुछ नहीं’ यानी ‘not many’ या hardly any इसमें Negative sense (नकारात्मक भाव) निहित है। इसका प्रयोग संख्या बतलाने के लिए प्लुरल Countable Noun के साथ होता है। अतः यह Numeral Adjective हैं;

जैसे-

= He has few books

= He has not many books

= He has hardly any books.

Few movies are worth watching (देखने योग्य).

Few people are honest these days.

Few villages in Bihar have libraries.

Few persons believe in ghosts and spirits nowadays.

2. A few का अर्थ होता है ‘कुछ’/’कम-से-कम कुछ’ यानी ‘a small number / at least some in number” इसमें Affirmative sense (स्वीकारात्मक भाव) निहित है। इसका प्रयोग भी संख्या बतलाने के लिए Plural Countable Noun के साथ होता है। अतःयह भी Numeral Adjective है;

जैसे-

He has a few books.

He has a small number of books.

He has at least some books.

We are going away for a few days.

On a few occasions I tried to help him.

A few students are regular and punctual.

Only a few days are left for the announcement of the examination results.

3. Little का अर्थ होता है कुछ नहीं’ यानी ‘not much’ या ‘hardly any’ | इसमें Negative Sense निहित है। इसका प्रयोग मात्रा या परिमाण बतलाने के लिए Singular ,Uncountable Noun के साथ होता है। अतः यह Quantitative Adjective (मात्रा या परिमाण सूचक विशेषण) हैं;

जैसे-

He has little money.

He has not much moeny.

He has hardly any money.

There is little hope of his arrival.

You have little chance of promotion.

I have very little time for playing.

He has little chance of being elected.

4. A little का अर्थ होता है ‘कुछ’ यानी ‘at least some in quantity (परिमाण में कम-से-कम कुछ)। इसमें Affirmative sense निहित है। इसका प्रयोग भी Singular Uncountable Noun के साथ होता है। अतः यह भी Quantitative Adjective हैं;

जैसे-

He has a little money. (उसके पास कुछ धन है।)

There is a little hope of his success.

A little patience is needed to get success.

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

A little effort would have solved the problem.

4. Use of Less and Fewer

Less तथा Fewer का अर्थ होता है ‘से कम’ पर दोनों के प्रयोग में अंतर है। Less मात्रा/परिमाण (Quantity) का बोध होता है जबकि Fewer से संख्या का। Less का प्रयोग ,Uncountable Noun के साथ होता है जबकि Fewer का प्रयोग Countable Noun के साथ;

जैसे-

He has less time these days.

There is less sugar in my tea than in yours.

Fewer trains are available now.

Fewer passengers are without ticket today,

There are fewer students in this class than in that one.

ध्यान दें:

Sentence में Definite Numeral Adjective + Plural Noun रहने पर fewer के बदले Less का प्रयोग होता है;

जैसे-

I have to pay ten rupees less now.
There are now two persons less for work.

5. Use of Each, Every, Either, Neither

1. Each का अर्थ होता है- One of two or more than two.
Every  का अर्थ होता है – One of more than two.

Each का प्रयोग हमेशा दो या दो से अधिक Countable Nouns के साथ होता है, पर Every का प्रयोग दो से अधिक के साथ (यानी कम-से-कम तीन के साथ) होता है, केवल दो
साथ नहीं;

जैसे-
Each of the two boys got a prize.     Every country has its own flag.

The five boys had each a pencil.      Every man wants to have a job.

ध्यान दें:

Each refers to one of two or more things or persons, the emphasis being on the individual and not on the group
Every refers to all of a group of more than two, taken singly.

2. Either का दो अर्थ है—(a) दो में से केवल एक यानी One of the two (b) दो में से प्रत्येक यानी each of two यानी Both (दोनो)।Neither, Either का Negative है और उसका भी अर्थ है—(a) दो में से एक भी नहीं यानी Not any of the two (b) दोनों ही नहीं यानी None of the two; Neither the one nor the other;

जैसे-

Either road is safe.

Neither street is clean.

It was done either by you or your brother.

Neither you nor your brother did it.

He can write with either hand. (= both hands)

ध्यान दें: Each, Every, Either, Neither ये चारो Determiners Singular Number में होते हैं और इनके साथ सदा Singular Verb का ही प्रयोग होता है।

FAQ

what is determiners in english grammar ?

When it comes to using determiners in a sentence, there are a few things you need to keep in mind. First, remember that a determiner is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. That means that it can come before the noun or pronoun in a sentence. For example:

The dog barked. (Here, “the” is a determiner that modifies the noun “dog.”)

I’m going to the store. (In this sentence, “the” is a determiner that modifies the pronoun “I.”)

Second, you need to be aware of the different types of determiners. There are articles (a, an, the), possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her), and demonstrative pronouns (this, that). Here are some examples:

I have a dog. (The article “a” modifies the noun “dog.”)

That’s my book. (The possessive adjective “my” modifies the noun “book.”)
This is fun. (The demonstrative pronoun “this” modifies the adjective “fun.”)

What are 5 determiners examples?

I have an elephant.

The dog is a faithful animal.

This house is very beautiful.

Those children are naughty.

Every man has a nose.

Either road is safe.

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